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Run Fatlab by executing Fatlab.m in Matlab (source version) or selecting Fatlab from the Windows Start menu (deployed version) to get the main window containing:
- Toolbar: Open, save, new analysis. Pan, zoom, rotate view. Select/probe nodes and help.
- Model view: 3D view of the FE model (or part of it).
- Setup panel: Buttons for setting up and running an analysis + modifying the model view.
- Results panel: Specify and view detailed results.
A fatigue analysis consists of the following steps, each activated by a button in the setup panel.
- Setup loads
- Setup model
- Setup SN curve
- Running the analysis
1. Setup loads
The first step in setting up an analysis is to import the loads. Fatlab currently accepts only time series as loading. Therefore to analyse simple cases, e.g. single load ranges, the user must construct a load-time series, e.g. a sine wave having the correct min/max mean values.
The loads file is imported into Fatlab through Setup Loads>Browse… and the content is plotted in the graph. Additional statistical information is provided in the table below. If the loads file have been edited outside Fatlab, the changes can be imported using the Update button.
The load time series can also be manipulated in this window by entering a scale/offset in the table. This is particularly useful for sensitivity studies.
For longer time series, the computational time can be reduced using the Load reduction popup menu. Here, the user can choose from the following options:
- Full time series: Calculate stress at all time instances of input.
- All turning points: If the input is oversampled, this option removes all non-peak time instances, without any loss of damage.
- Racetrack filtered: The input is subjected to racetrack filtering eliminating cycles smaller than 5, 10, 20, 30 or 40% of the largest range. This causes minor loss in damage.
- Single cycle DEL: The input is condensed to a single sinusoidal load cycle with a range corresponding to the damage equivalent load of the input, calculated using the slope (m) specified above.
Notes:
- The provided load-time series must contain at least one cycle for one of the load components.
- A load component is allowed to be constant, e.g. 0, as long as some other load component experiences at least one cycle.
- For constant loads, e.g. gravity, add a constant time series to control this.
2. Setup model
The second step is to import the model file. Select the file using the Browse button and the appropriate file format from the Format popup menu and the model is imported. This processes the FE model by 'hollowing it out', i.e. finding and excluding internal nodes and element faces to enhance performance.
Next, the FE stress files must be imported. Again the file format must be selected. Press Add to select the FE stress files (multiple files can be selected in one go, by holding CTRL while selecting them). Then place the FE stress files in ascending order using the up/down buttons.
The requirements to the FE stress files differ depending on the load-stress relationship (Type) chosen for each load component:
- Linear: A single FE stress file is imported.
- Bilinear: Two FE stress files is imported (one for negative and one for positive loading).
- 1D interpolation: A minimum of 2 FE stress files must be given.
- 2D interpolation: A minimum of 4 FE stress files must be given.
- Var for 2D interp.: No FE stress files is used for this type. This is simply a helper-variable for the 2D interpolation routine, e.g. an angle or similar.
In all cases except 2D interpolation, extrapolation beyond the smallest/largest FE unit load case is supported. Thus, in the case of 2D interpolation, the supplied FE unit load cases must cover the entire loading range, i.e. if the max load is 100kN, an FE unit load case of at least 100kN must be supplied.
Finish by pressing OK. This causes the program to consolidate the inputs, i.e. arranging them in a neat manner for fast access later.
Pressing OK returns to the main window and displays the FE model.
Notes:
- It is an error if the FE stress files are not placed in monotonically increasing order.
- The lists of nodes in the FE stress files must be a subset of the nodes in the model.
- Currently no sanity checks are performed on the input, e.g. whether the selected format matches the selected file and so forth, so you will have to do that yourself.
3. Setup SN curve
Pressing Setup SN curve brings up the window shown below. Here, the user may supply the SN curve, mean stress handling, fatigue stress, safety factor and so forth for the analysis.
In the Database panel, the user can insert as many SN curves as necessary. Fatlab will use the one that is selected for the overall analysis. The remaining SN curves can be used for analysis of hotspots later on or comparison of different materials. Also the mean stress handling and analysis options are stored individually with each SN curve. A database can be saved to a file and then loaded into another analysis.
Selecting an SN curve will bring up its defining parameters and shows the curve in the diagram. The dashed line SN curve is the one the user defines and the full line SN curve is reduced by the partial safety factor. The latter is of course used in the computations.
The input parameters is explained in the following table:
| Parameter | Description |
| Primary slope, m1 | Slope of the SN curve before the knee. |
| Secondary slope, m2 | Slope of the SN curve after the knee. |
| Fatigue strength, dsR1 | Stress range defining the SN curve [MPa] (at zero mean stress). |
| Associated cycles, NR1 | Number of cycles at which the above stress range is given. Typically 2,000,000. |
| Knee point stress range, dsR2 | Stress range at the knee point [MPa]. Calculated from ds1/N1. |
| Knee point cycles, NR2 | Number of cycles at the stress range. Typically 5,000,000 (EC3) or 10,000,000 (IIW). |
| Max/min cut-off | Limit value at top/bottom where the SN curve is horizontal [MPa]. |
| Mean stress mode | None: No mean stress correction. Recommended e.g. for welded or bolted joints. Linear: Simple linear mean stress correction. Recommended if M is available. Bilinear: Same as linear until R=0, then follows line down to Rm. Modified Goodman: Recommended for brittle materials. Gerber parabola: Recommended for ductile materials. Soderberg: Similar to Goodman, but using Re instead of Rm. Smith-Watson-Topper: only depends on R 60% compression: Equivalent to EC3 rule using only 60% of compressive loading. IIW, low residual stress: FAT classes are scaled up by up to 1.6. IIW, medium residual stress: FAT classes are scaled up by up to 1.3. FKM: controlled by M and M/3 depending on R. |
| Mean stress sensitivity, M | Slope of linear mean stress reduction in Haigh diagram. |
| Yield strength, Re [MPa] | Material yield strength, used if 'Observe yield lines' or 'Soderberg' mean stress mode is selected. |
| Tensile strength, Rm [MPa] | Material tensile strength, used by Goodman/Gerber mean stress correction. |
| Observe yield lines | Limits SN curve to avoid yielding. |
| Extrapolate in compression | Extend mean stress correction for compressive mean stress (non-conservative). |
| Fatigue stress | Sx, Sy, Sz, Txy, Tyz, Txz: Stress components in global coordinate system. P1, P2, P3: Principal stresses. Pnmax: Numerically largest principal stress (between P1 and P3). Default. Tmax: Maximum shear stress. CP: Critical plane approach. |
| Cycle counter | Reservoir: Recommended for short time series (few/single cycles) Rainflow half: Recommended for non-repeating time series (returns a number of residual half cycles). Rainflow full: Recommended for repeating time series (no residual half cycles). Single cycle: No counting, just set number of cycles to 1. Single cycle LC: as above, but using the 'Longest Chord' method for determining the shear stress amplitude. Single cycle MCC/MRH: under development. |
| Partial safety factor | Safety factor scaling down the SN curve. |
| Multiaxial criterion | Select Fatigue stress = CP to enable these options. Normal stress Modified shear IIW equivalent Findley |
| Normal search planes | Number of search planes normal to the surface to use in critical plane method. |
| Inclined search planes | Used for the Findley criterion. 1 = no inclination planes (search planes normal to surface only). 2 = search planes normal to surface and at 45 degrees inclination 3+ = distribute inclination planes evenly between 0 and 90 degrees. |
| Multiaxiality parameter, k1, k2 | Used for the multiaxial criteria. See the Theory reference. |
Notes:
- Using the critical plane method can be very time consuming (execution time grows linear with no. search planes). It is therefore recommended to perform a simple analysis first, then res-select a few interesting nodes and then switch to critical plane analysis.
4. Running the analysis
After setting up the model, the loading and the SN curve, Fatlab is ready to run fatigue analysis. Pressing Run analysis brings up the dialog shown below. Here it is possible to adjust performance settings and reduce the scope of the analysis.
A Racetrack filter fraction may be entered (default is 0.05, set to 0.0 to disable). This causes Fatlab to discard stress ranges smaller than the given fraction of the maximum occurring stress range (calculated individually for each node).
The Select nodes panel allows for selecting a subset of nodes for analysis:
- All nodes: Analyse all nodes in model (element corner nodes only).
- All visible nodes: Only analyse the currently visible nodes.
- Nodelist from file: An ANSYS
NLISTexport file is read containing the node numbers to analyse. - Node range: A vector of node number specified using Matlab syntax, e.g.
[1 2 3 6:10]. - Selected (single) node: Run analysis only for the node selected in the main window.
- Nodes from previous result: Selects those nodes from a previous run, that experience a total damage sum larger than the specified value.
The Damage accumulation panel allows the user to add the damage from an analysis to the the damage found in the previous analysis. This is intended for damage monitoring of a structure.
Is your Mac up to date with the latest version of the Mac operating system? Is it using the version required by a product that you want to use with your Mac? Which versions are earlier (older) or later (newer, more recent)? To find out, learn which version is installed now.
If your macOS isn't up to date, you may be able to update to a later version.
Mac Os Versions
Which macOS version is installed?
Fatigue Masks
From the Apple menu in the corner of your screen, choose About This Mac. You should see the macOS name, such as macOS Big Sur, followed by its version number. If you need to know the build number as well, click the version number to see it.
Which macOS version is the latest?
These are all Mac operating systems, starting with the most recent. When a major new macOS is released, it gets a new name, such as macOS Big Sur. As updates that change the macOS version number become available, this article is updated to show the latest version of that macOS.
If your Mac is using an earlier version of any Mac operating system, you should install the latest Apple software updates, which can include important security updates and updates for the apps that are installed by macOS, such as Safari, Books, Messages, Mail, Music, Calendar, and Photos.
| macOS | Latest version |
|---|---|
| macOS Big Sur | 11.3 |
| macOS Catalina | 10.15.7 |
| macOS Mojave | 10.14.6 |
| macOS High Sierra | 10.13.6 |
| macOS Sierra | 10.12.6 |
| OS X El Capitan | 10.11.6 |
| OS X Yosemite | 10.10.5 |
| OS X Mavericks | 10.9.5 |
| OS X Mountain Lion | 10.8.5 |
| OS X Lion | 10.7.5 |
| Mac OS X Snow Leopard | 10.6.8 |
| Mac OS X Leopard | 10.5.8 |
| Mac OS X Tiger | 10.4.11 |
| Mac OS X Panther | 10.3.9 |
| Mac OS X Jaguar | 10.2.8 |
| Mac OS X Puma | 10.1.5 |
| Mac OS X Cheetah | 10.0.4 |
